Within 20 pc of the Sun, there are currently 29 known cold brown dwarfs—sources with measured distances and an estimated effective temperature between that of Jupiter (170 K) and approximately 500 K (ref. 1). These sources are almost all isolated and are the closest laboratories we have for detailed atmospheric studies of giant planets formed

Mass loss is a key physical process in the evolution of massive stars, the impact of which propagates into galactic evolution, population synthesis models, the interpretation of high-redshift galaxies, and explosive events such as supernovae. However, there are currently substantial uncertainties in the low-metallicity, low-luminosity thin wind

DG CVn is an eruptive variable star and represents the closest member of the known sample of complex periodic variables, or scallop-shell stars. Over the years, this M dwarf binary system has shown significant flaring activity at a wide range of frequencies. Here, we present a detailed analysis of ∼14 hours of radio observations of this stellar

This paper is the second in a series presenting the catalogs and properties of the largest sample to date of ∼100,000 star clusters and compact associations, in 38 spiral galaxies observed by the PHANGS-HST Treasury survey. Here, we present spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting techniques used to compute the age, mass, and reddening for each

Massive protoclusters at z ∼ 1.5 ‑ 4, the peak of the cosmic star formation history, are key to understanding the formation mechanisms of massive galaxies in today's clusters. However, studies of protoclusters at these high redshifts remain limited, primarily due to small sample sizes and heterogeneous selection criteria. For this work, we