How large-scale structures formed in the early universe is a key cosmological question with few answers from empirical evidence. Unveiling galaxy clusters and their high-z progenitors (i.e., protoclusters) is essential to picture galaxy evolution drawn by the hierarchical formation scenario. However, unveiling these early structures at high

The evolution of galaxies appears linked to the growth of supermassive black holes (SMBH), as evidenced by empirical scale relations between hosts' large-scale properties and the mass of their central black holes. This co-evolutionary scenario suggests that all galaxies experience nuclear activity — active phases during which the black hole

Interstellar gas offers advantages when quantifying the structure of the resonances in disc galaxies. The gas is concentrated close to the disc mid-plane, making it easier to determine its in-plane velocity components, and it offers sharp emission lines for good velocity resolution. These properties are shared by atomic, molecular, and ionized gas

The Hubble and James Webb Space Telescopes, with their outstanding depth and spatial resolution, are opening up the possibility of studying the edges of disk galaxies over a significant cosmic time interval. This allows us to study in detail the evolution of galaxy edges over the past 8 Gyr. The edge of galaxies, understood here as the farthest

Recent Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of protoplanetary disks in the millimeter continuum have shown a variety of radial gaps, cavities, and spiral features. These substructures may be signposts for ongoing planet formation, and therefore these systems are promising targets for direct imaging planet searches in the

Context. JWST recently detected numerous disc galaxies at high redshifts, and there have been observations of cold disc galaxies at z > 4 with ALMA. In the Milky Way (MW), recent studies highlight the presence of metal-poor stars in cold-disc orbits, suggesting an ancient disc. This prompts two fundamental questions. The first refers to the time of