Context. Group environments are thought to play a key role in shaping galaxy evolution prior to cluster accretion. However, direct observational evidence linking group─cluster interactions to the transformation of low-mass galaxies remains scarce. Aims. The nature and origin of the W cloud, located in the southern outskirts of the Virgo cluster

The determination of the cutoff frequency in real solar observations under different local physical conditions is an important and underexplored aspect of waves in solar physics. This work utilizes the near ultraviolet (NUV) spectrum of the quiet sun (QS), observed by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) on November 16th, 2013, in sit

Context. Dark galaxies are small, dark matter-dominated haloes whose gas remains in hydrostatic and thermal equilibrium and has never formed stars. These systems are of particular interest because they represent a strong prediction of the Lambda cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model. As of today, only a few dark galaxy candidates have been detected so far

Studying the content and distribution of molecular gas (H $_{2}$) provides key insights into how feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and star formation influences galaxy evolution, since molecular gas is the primary fuel for star formation. Ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) are ideal candidates to study how AGNs and/or starbursts

The microlensing event Gaia20fnr is a long-duration, non-caustic-crossing binary-lens event located at a high Galactic latitude. Triggered by a photometric rise detected by the Gaia space mission, the event was followed up with observations from multiple ground-based facilities and observed by four space telescopes: Gaia, NEOWISE, Swift, and TESS

The advent of new and more powerful infrared spectrographs has significantly motivated the advancement of the study of atomic and molecular line lists and stellar atmosphere models. While optical abundance determinations rely on extensively validated line lists and modeling frameworks, infrared measurements still face comparatively larger