Esta tesis está dedicada al estudio de los efectos sistemáticos y los métodos de análisis para la caracterización de la polarización del fondo cósmico de microondas (FCM) con el experimento QUIJOTE-CMB. El objetivo principal de dicho experimento es la detección indirecta de ondas gravitacionales primordiales generadas durante la época inflacionaria

The main goal of this thesis has been to investigate the effect that the macroscopic vertical velocity fields have on the scattering polarization signals formed in the solar chromosphere. We followed a theoretical approach based on the spectral synthesis of scattering polarization signals in dynamic models of the quiet Sun. Until now, the impact of

Los centros de las galaxias muestran algunos de los extremos más fascinantes de la naturaleza. Se puede encontrar en ellos: altas concentraciones estelares, agujeros negros supermasivos, altas concentraciones de gas, fuertes campos magnéticos, poblaciones estelares no convencionales, explosiones de formación estelar, etc. Se piensa que estas

Since the discovery of chemically peculiar stars in globular clusters in the last century, the study of multiple populations has become increasingly important, given that chemical inhomogeneity is found in almost all globular clusters. Despite various proposed theories attempting to explain this phenomenon, fitting all the observational evidence in

We study a solar spicule observed off-limb using high-resolution imaging spectroscopy in the Ca II 8542 Å line obtained with the CRisp Imaging SpectroPolarimeter (CRISP) on the Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope. Using a new version of the non-LTE code NICOLE specifically developed for this problem we invert the spicule single- and double-peak line