A general framework for dealing with irradiation effects in the bolometric sense—specifically, reflection with heat absorption and the consequent redistribution of the absorbed heat—for systems of astrophysical bodies where the boundaries are used as support for the description of the processes, is presented. Discussed are its mathematical and

We present BAM: a novel Bias Assignment Method envisaged to generate mock catalogues. Combining the statistics of dark matter tracers from a high-resolution cosmological N-body simulation and the dark matter density field calculated from down-sampled initial conditions using efficient structure formation solvers, we extract the halo-bias relation

Context. Asteroseismic analysis of solar-like stars allows us to determine physical parameters such as stellar mass, with a higher precision compared to most other methods. Even in a well-studied cluster such as the Hyades, the masses of the red giant stars are not well known, and previous mass estimates are based on model calculations (isochrones)

We present [C/N]–[Fe/H] abundance trends from the SDSS-IV Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment survey, Data Release 14 (DR14), for red giant branch stars across the Milky Way (3 kpc R 15 kpc). The carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (often expressed as [C/N]) can indicate the mass of a red giant star, from which an age can be inferred

We use data from 1222 late-type star-forming galaxies in the SDSS IV Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory survey to identify regions in which the gas-phase metallicity is anomalously low compared to expectations from the tight empirical relation between metallicity and stellar surface mass density at a given stellar mass. We find

Measures of exoplanet bulk densities indicate that small exoplanets with radius less than 3 Earth radii (R ⊕) range from low-density sub-Neptunes containing volatile elements 1 to higher-density rocky planets with Earth-like 2 or iron-rich 3 (Mercury-like) compositions. Such astonishing diversity in observed small exoplanet compositions may be the