Direct measurements of plasma motions are limited to the line-of-sight component at the Sun's surface. Multiple tracking and inversion methods were developed to infer the transverse motions from observational data. Recently, the fully convolutional DeepVel & DeepVelU neural networks were trained in conjunction with detailed magnetohydrodynamics

Stellar population studies provide unique clues to constrain galaxy formation models. So far, detailed studies based on absorption line strengths have mainly focused on the optical spectral range although many diagnostic features are present in other spectral windows. In particular, the near-infrared (NIR) can provide a wealth of information about

Resonances in barred galaxies may induce morphological features, such as rings. Previous work suggested that the location of 'dark-gaps', or regions of a galaxy where the difference between the surface brightness along the bar major axis and along the bar minor axis are maximal, can be attributed to the location of bar corotation. Here, using

Local star-forming galaxies show properties that are thought to differ from galaxies in the early Universe. Among them, the ionizing stellar populations and the gas geometry make the recipes designed to derive chemical abundances from nebular emission lines to differ from those calibrated in the Local Universe. A sample of 1969 extreme emission