Recent progress on the structure and dynamics of bulges is reviewed. Those aspects that link galaxy bulges either to oblate spheroids akin to elliptical galaxies or to rapidly-rotating, flattened systems more nearly resembling the products of disk internal transformations, are highlighted. The analysis of surface brightness profiles derived from

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Variations of temperature values for the last 20 000 years measured in the cave Dos Anas (Sierra del Rosario Cuba) are studied in comparison with the values of the hydrogen isotopes concentration obtained in the coral reef of the Barbados Island in the Caribbean region. They are compared as well with the abundance of Be10 measured in the permanent

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We based on two interferometric modern techniques: Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry and Fringe Projection Technique we had realized simulations of interferograms for both rough aspherics surfaces around five microns and five meters in diameter up. Experimental interferometric setup is proposed and developed software which we reached our

Recent advances on the quest to determine the primordial or pregalactic helium abundance, Yp, are reviewed. There are seven problems affecting the He/H abundance determinations of H II regions that are briefly discussed: the underlying absorption lines in the observed spectra, the ionization, temperature, and density structures of each object, the