Samples of line-of-sight velocities and metallicities for hundreds individual red giant branch stars in Milky Way satellite galaxies have been obtained in the recent past thanks to wide-area multi-object spectrographs on 8 m-10 m class telescopes. These samples have greatly improved our knowledge of the large scale metallicity properties and the

Aims: We present constraints on the thermodynamical structure of the chromosphere from ground-based observations of the Ca ii H line profile near and off the solar limb. Methods: We obtained a slit-spectrograph data set of the Ca ii H line with a high signal-to-noise ratio in a field of view extending 20'' across the limb. We analyzed the spectra

We present the results from the spectroscopic follow-up of WR140 (WC7 + O4-5) during its last periastron passage in january 2009. This object is known as the archetype of colliding wind binaries and has a relatively large period (~=8 years) and eccentricity (~=0.89). We provide updated values for the orbital parameters, new estimates for the WR and

The dwarf elliptical galaxies (dEs) are more luminous than dwarf spheroidals and fainter than "normal" ellipticals. In this paper I investigate the interconnection between these three families of early-type galaxies by studying their stellar populations properties. Some dwarf ellipticals have strong metallicity and age gradients, up to - 0.5 dex

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We introduce a Monte Carlo ray tracing code for soft X-ray fluorescence in particulate media. We use the code to investigate the observation geometry dependent effects on absolute fluorescence line intensities and relative line ratios due to the medium porosity, incident spectrum, and particle size distribution. In particular, we assess the