The magnetic field plays a crucial role in the chromosphere and the transition region, and our poor empirical knowledge of the magnetic field in the upper chromosphere and transition region is a major impediment to advancing the understanding of the solar atmosphere. The Hanle effect promises to be a valuable alternative to Zeeman effect as a

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In this contribution we describe some recent observations of high-speed magnetized flows in the quiet Sun granulation. These observations were carried out with the Imaging Magnetograph eXperiment (IMaX) onboard the stratospheric balloon SUNRISE, and possess an unprecedented spatial resolution and temporal cadence. These flows were identified as

Stokes profiles emerging from the magnetized quiet photosphere and observed by the Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) spectropolarimeter (SP) aboard the Hinode satellite present a large variety of complex shapes. These are indicative of unresolved magnetic structures and/or gradients along the line of sight that have been overlooked in the inversion

We present the basic concept of a new astronomical instrument: SPARC4 - Simultaneous Polarimeter and Rapid Camera in 4 bands. SPARC4 combines in one instrument: (i) photometric and polarimetric modes; (ii) sub-second time-resolution in photometric mode and excellent timeresolution in polarimetric mode; (iii) simultaneous imaging in four broad-bands

Recent advances in the observation and numerical modeling of magnetic flux emergence on small-scales are reviewed. The high-resolution limit of solar photospheric observations has reached scales of order 0".2, or 100-200 km, in recent years. Observations with that resolution show individual flux tubes emerging within single granules in the quiet