Sub-arcsecond JHK images of the star formation region NGC 6334 IV covering 14.7arcmin2 have been obtained. These were supplemented by H2 and Brγ images of the central 2arcmin2. A total of 1238sources brighter than K=~17 were detected. Due to the very high extinction in this region, only 685 of these are brighter at 1.2μm than our limit, J=~20. Only less than 5% of the sources exhibit excess emission at λ>2.0μm and they are scattered over the whole area covered. No evidence of a developed stellar cluster was found, but a small number of luminous (O-B2) young stellar objects were detected. These are embedded in the densest part of the molecular cloud that is at the centre of a giant bipolar structure seen in the radio and the infrared. This morphology is the result of the effect of massive stellar winds originating from the centre of a dense molecular toroid which collimates the outflow material giving rise to two lobes of thermal gas and dust emission. We confirm that the extinction is higher toward the southern lobe than toward the northern one but both are less reddened than their immediate surroundings. A new centre of active massive star formation is reported to the east of the central region. Close to a (sub)millimeter emission peak, a large infrared nebula with several point-like sources was found at 2.2μm. The discovery of a small embedded low-luminosity bipolar object in the vicinity of one of the giant lobes is also reported. For a description of the JHK photometric system, see e.g. (1 data file).