Very Low Mass Stars, Brown Dwarfs and Planets

    General
    Description

    Our goal is to study the processes that lead to the formation of low mass stars, brown dwarfs and planets and to characterize the physical properties of these objects in various evolutionary stages. Low mass stars and brown dwarfs are likely the most numerous type of objects in our Galaxy but due to their low intrinsic luminosity they are not so well known. We aim to study the frequency, multiplicity and spatial distribution of these objects in the solar neighbourhood and in nearby star forming regions and stellar clusters in order to better understand the mechanism of formation, characterise their optical and infrared properties and establish the relation between spectral properties, mass and luminosity.. Most of our effort will be dedicated to push toward lower mass limits the detection of these astros either bounded to stars and brown dwarfs and/or free-floating in interstellar space. The lowest mass objects display a lower intrinsic luminosity and cooler effective temperatures thus they are remarkably difficult to detect using direct imaging techniques. However, these techniques allow a full photometric and spectroscopic characterization and a best determination of their physical and chemical properties. We also aim to investigate the presence of planets around low mass stars using radial velocity measurements and techniques for high spatial resolution imaging. We will develop ultrastable spectrographs for large telescopes and systems for ultrafast imaging. With the spectrographs it would be possible to detect planets of similar mass to the Earth around G, K and M-type stars. The goal is to establish the frequency of these planets in stars of the solar neighbourhood and characterise the properties of the associated planetary systems.

    1. The optical and near-infrared sequence of 10 Myr-old L dwarfs in the nearest OB association to the Sun, Upper Scorpius
    2. The lithium depletion boundary of the Hyades cluster.

    Related publications

    • The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Telluric absorption corrected high S/N optical and near-infrared template spectra of 382 M dwarf stars
      Light from celestial objects interacts with the molecules of the Earth's atmosphere, resulting in the production of telluric absorption lines in ground-based spectral data. Correcting for these lines, which strongly affect red and infrared wavelengths, is often needed in a wide variety of scientific applications. Here, we present the template
      Nagel, E. et al.

      Advertised on:

      12
      2023
      Citations
      11
    • TOI-1801 b: A temperate mini-Neptune around a young M0.5 dwarf
      We report the discovery, mass, and radius determination of TOI-1801 b, a temperate mini-Neptune around a young M dwarf. TOI-1801 b was observed in TESS sectors 22 and 49, and the alert that this was a TESS planet candidate with a period of 21.3 days went out in April 2020. However, ground-based follow-up observations, including seeing-limited
      Goffo, E. et al.

      Advertised on:

      12
      2023
      Citations
      6
    • Planetary companions orbiting the M dwarfs GJ 724 and GJ 3988. A CARMENES and IRD collaboration
      We report the discovery of two exoplanets around the M dwarfs GJ 724 and GJ 3988 using the radial velocity (RV) method. We obtained a total of 153 3.5 m Calar Alto/CARMENES spectra for both targets and measured their RVs and activity indicators. We also added archival ESO/HARPS data for GJ 724 and infrared RV measurements from Subaru/IRD for GJ
      Gorrini, P. et al.

      Advertised on:

      12
      2023
      Citations
      2
    • Photometric follow-up of the 20 Myr old multi-planet host star V1298 Tau with CHEOPS and ground-based telescopes
      Context. The 20 Myr old star V1298 Tau hosts at least four planets. Since its discovery, this system has been a target of intensive photometric and spectroscopic monitoring. To date, the characterisation of its architecture and planets' fundamental properties has been very challenging. Aims: The determination of the orbital ephemeris of the
      Damasso, M. et al.

      Advertised on:

      12
      2023
      Citations
      2
    • The GAPS programme at TNG. XLVIII. The unusual formation history of V1298 Tau
      Context. Observational data from space- and ground-based campaigns have revealed that the 10-30 Ma old V1298Tau star hosts a compact and massive system of four planets. Mass estimates are available for the two outer giant planets and point to unexpectedly high densities for their young ages. Aims: We investigate the formation of these two outermost
      Turrini, D. et al.

      Advertised on:

      11
      2023
      Citations
      6
    • A compact multi-planet system transiting HIP 29442 (TOI-469) discovered by TESS and ESPRESSO. Radial velocities lead to the detection of transits with low signal-to-noise ratio
      Context. One of the goals of the Echelle Spectrograph for Rocky Exoplanets and Stable Spectroscopic Observations (ESPRESSO) Guaranteed Time Observations (GTO) consortium is the precise characterisation of a selected sample of planetary systems discovered by TESS. One such target is the K0V star HIP 29442 (TOI-469), already known to host a validated
      Damasso, M. et al.

      Advertised on:

      11
      2023
      Citations
      5
    • Optical properties of metal-poor T dwarf candidates
      Context. Metal-poor brown dwarfs are poorly understood because they are extremely faint and rare. Only a few candidates have been identified as T-type subdwarfs in infrared surveys and their optical properties remain unconstrained. Aims: We aim to improve the knowledge of the optical properties of T subdwarf candidates to break the degeneracy
      Zhang, J. -Y. et al.

      Advertised on:

      10
      2023
      Citations
      2
    • Young nearby open clusters and their luminosity functions
      Context. Open clusters are groups of coeval stars sharing properties such as distance and metallicity, and they are key to understanding stellar evolution. Aims: Our main goal is to study the evolution of open clusters with a special focus on the universality of the luminosity function. Methods: We applied an upgraded version of the convergent
      Žerjal, M. et al.

      Advertised on:

      10
      2023
      Citations
      3
    • GJ 806 (TOI-4481): A bright nearby multi-planetary system with a transiting hot low-density super-Earth
      One of the main scientific goals of the TESS mission is the discovery of transiting small planets around the closest and brightest stars in the sky. Here, using data from the CARMENES, MAROON-X, and HIRES spectrographs together with TESS, we report the discovery and mass determination of aplanetary system around the M1.5 V star GJ 806 (TOI-4481)
      Palle, E. et al.

      Advertised on:

      10
      2023
      Citations
      9
    • The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Behaviour of the Paschen lines during flares and quiescence
      The hydrogen Paschen lines are known activity indicators, but studies of them in M dwarfs during quiescence are as rare as their reports in flare studies. This situation is mostly caused by a lack of observations, owing to their location in the near-infrared regime, which is covered by few high-resolution spectrographs. We study the Paβ line, using
      Fuhrmeister, B. et al.

      Advertised on:

      10
      2023
      Citations
      4
    • Two super-Earths at the edge of the habitable zone of the nearby M dwarf TOI-2095
      The main scientific goal of TESS is to find planets smaller than Neptune around stars that are bright enough to allow for further characterization studies. Given our current instrumentation and detection biases, M dwarfs are prime targets in the search for small planets that are in (or near) the habitable zone of their host star. In this work, we
      Murgas, F. et al.

      Advertised on:

      9
      2023
      Citations
      10
    • Modeling the Chromosphere and Transition Region of Planet-hosting Star GJ 436
      Ahead of upcoming space missions intending to conduct observations of low-mass stars in the ultraviolet (UV) spectral region it becomes imperative to simultaneously conduct atmospheric modeling from the UV to the visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR). Investigations on extended spectral regions will help to improve the overall understanding of the
      Hintz, Dominik et al.

      Advertised on:

      9
      2023
      Citations
      2
    • TOI-1130: A photodynamical analysis of a hot Jupiter in resonance with an inner low-mass planet
      The TOI-1130 is a known planetary system around a K-dwarf consisting of a gas giant planet, TOI-1130 c on an 8.4-day orbit that is accompanied by an inner Neptune-sized planet, TOI-1130 b, with an orbital period of 4.1 days. We collected precise radial velocity (RV) measurements of TOI-1130 with the HARPS and PFS spectrographs as part of our
      Korth, J. et al.

      Advertised on:

      7
      2023
      Citations
      10
    • Two sub-Neptunes around the M dwarf TOI-1470
      Aims: A transiting planet candidate with a sub-Neptune radius orbiting the nearby (d = 51.9 ± 0.07 pc) M1.5 V star TOI-1470 with a period of ~2.5 d was announced by the NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), which observed the field of TOI-1470 in four different sectors. We aim to validate its planetary nature using precise radial
      González-Álvarez, E. et al.

      Advertised on:

      7
      2023
      Citations
      3
    • The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. A sub-Neptunian mass planet in the habitable zone of HN Lib
      We report the discovery of HN Lib b, a sub-Neptunian mass planet orbiting the nearby (d ≈ = 6.25 pc) M4.0 V star HN Lib detected by our CARMENES radial-velocity (RV) survey. We determined a planetary minimum mass of M b sin i = 5.46 ± 0.75 M ⊕ and an orbital period of P b = 36.116 ± 0.029 d, using ~5 yr of CARMENES data, as well as archival RVs
      González-Álvarez, E. et al.

      Advertised on:

      7
      2023
      Citations
      1
    • An unusually low-density super-Earth transiting the bright early-type M-dwarf GJ 1018 (TOI-244)
      Context. Small planets located at the lower mode of the bimodal radius distribution are generally assumed to be composed of iron and silicates in a proportion similar to that of the Earth. However, recent discoveries are revealing a new group of low-density planets that are inconsistent with that description. Aims: We intend to confirm and
      Castro-González, A. et al.

      Advertised on:

      7
      2023
      Citations
      12
    • The cosmic waltz of Coma Berenices and Latyshev 2 (Group X). Membership, phase-space structure, mass, and energy distributions
      Context. Open clusters (OCs) are fundamental benchmarks where theories of star formation and stellar evolution can be tested and validated. Coma Berenices (Coma Ber) and Latyshev 2 (Group X) are the second and third OCs closest to the Sun, making them excellent targets to search for low-mass stars and ultra-cool dwarfs. In addition, this pair will
      Olivares, J. et al.

      Advertised on:

      7
      2023
      Citations
      3
    • The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Line-by-line sensitivity to activity in M dwarfs
      Context. Radial velocities (RVs) measured from high-resolution stellar spectra are routinely used to detect and characterise orbiting exoplanet companions. The different lines present in stellar spectra are created by several species, which are non-uniformly affected by stellar variability features such as spots or faculae. Stellar variability
      Lafarga, M. et al.

      Advertised on:

      6
      2023
      Citations
      4
    • New constraints on the presence of debris disks around G 196-3 B and VHS J125601.92-125723.9 b
      Context. The existence of warm (protoplanetary) disks around very young isolated planetary and brown dwarf mass objects is known based on near- and mid-infrared flux excesses and millimeter observations. These disks may later evolve into debris disks or rings, although none have been observed or confirmed so far. Little is known about circum(sub
      Zakhozhay, Olga V. et al.

      Advertised on:

      6
      2023
      Citations
      0
    • The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. A deep transfer learning method to determine T<SUB>eff</SUB> and [M/H] of target stars
      The large amounts of astrophysical data being provided by existing and future instrumentation require efficient and fast analysis tools. Transfer learning is a new technique promising higher accuracy in the derived data products, with information from one domain being transferred to improve the accuracy of a neural network model in another domain
      Bello-García, A. et al.

      Advertised on:

      5
      2023
      Citations
      2

    Related talks

    No related talks were found.

    Related conferences

    No related conferences were found.