A Warm Massive Pair of Planets around TOI-1232 Revealed with Transit-timing Variations and Doppler Spectroscopy

Mihaylov, Deyan P.; Eberhardt, Jan; Trifonov, Trifon; Brahm, Rafael; Henning, Thomas; Jordán, Andrés; Stoeva, Denitza; Jones, Matías I.; Acuña-Aguirre, Lorena; Stefanov, Stefan; Tala Pinto, M.; Hobson, Melissa J.; Espinoza, Nestor; Rojas, Felipe I.; Schlecker, Martin; Bozhilov, Vladimir; Guillot, Tristan; Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.; Lissauer, Jack J.; Korth, Judith; Parviainen, Hannu; Kreidberg, Laura; Bendjoya, Philippe; Suarez, Olga; Ziegler, Carl; Rowden, Pamela; Rudat, Alexander; Kostov, Veselin; Winn, Joshua N.; Jenkins, Jon M.; Collins, Karen A.; Watkins, Cristilyn N.; Radford, Don J.; Stockdale, Chris; Gan, Tianjun
Referencia bibliográfica

The Astronomical Journal

Fecha de publicación:
3
2026
Número de autores
35
Número de autores del IAC
1
Número de citas
0
Número de citas referidas
0
Descripción
TOI-1232 is a G dwarf star with a mass of 1.06−0.06+0.07M⊙ , a radius of 1.07 ± 0.05 R⊙, and a slightly higher metallicity than solar of Fe/H = 0.18 ± 0.05. The star hosts a transiting warm Jovian-mass planet, TOI-1232 b, with an orbital period of Pb=14.256−0.001+0.001 days, identified with data from multiple sectors of the TESS space telescope. The TESS light curve of TOI-1232 is complex, as it is contaminated by a background eclipsing binary with a period of 1.37 days. TOI-1232 b was firmly confirmed by ground-based transit follow-up campaigns from the Las Cumbres, Hazelwood, Brierfield, and ASTEP observatories. Additionally, the TESS transits of TOI-1232 b exhibit strong transit-timing variations (TTVs) with a superperiod of 235.5 ± 0.7 days and a semiamplitude of 27 minutes. Radial velocity (RV) follow-up with the FEROS spectrograph confirms the planetary nature of the transiting candidate, while a self-consistent N-body analysis of RVs and TTVs pinpoints the presence of a second outer Saturn-mass companion, TOI-1232 c with a period of Pc=30.356−0.012+0.010 days. The TOI-1232 warm-giant system is particularly important due to the evidence of two massive planets that reside near the 2:1 commensurability but are not locked in a mean-motion resonance. Thanks to TESS, we have revealed a handful of these rare systems. Hence, TOI-1232 is an important addition to understanding the formation and dynamical evolution of such compact, massive, warm giant planets. *Based on observations collected at the European Organization for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere under MPG programmes 0102.A-9006, 0103.A-9008, 0104.A-9007.