Bibcode
Czesla, S.; Lampón, M.; Sanz-Forcada, J.; García Muñoz, A.; López-Puertas, M.; Nortmann, L.; Yan, D.; Nagel, E.; Yan, F.; Schmitt, J. H. M. M.; Aceituno, J.; Amado, P. J.; Caballero, J. A.; Casasayas-Barris, N.; Henning, Th.; Khalafinejad, S.; Molaverdikhani, K.; Montes, D.; Pallé, E.; Reiners, A.; Schneider, P. C.; Ribas, I.; Quirrenbach, A.; Zapatero Osorio, M. R.; Zechmeister, M.
Referencia bibliográfica
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Advertised on:
1
2022
Revista
Número de citas
41
Número de citas referidas
34
Descripción
We analyze two high-resolution spectral transit time series of the hot Jupiter HAT-P-32 b obtained with the CARMENES spectrograph. Our new XMM-Newton X-ray observations of the system show that the fast-rotating F-type host star exhibits a high X-ray luminosity of 2.3 × 1029 erg s−1 (5-100 Å), corresponding to a flux of 6.9 × 104 erg cm−2 s−1 at the planetary orbit, which results in an energy-limited escape estimate of about 1013 g s−1 for the planetary mass-loss rate. The spectral time series show significant, time-dependent absorption in the Hα and He Iλ10833 triplet lines with maximum depths of about 3.3% and 5.3%. The mid-transit absorption signals in the Hα and He Iλ10833 lines are consistent with results from one-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling, which also yields mass-loss rates on the order of 1013 g s−1. We observe an early ingress of a redshifted component of the transmission signal, which extends into a redshifted absorption component, persisting until about the middle of the optical transit. While a super-rotating wind can explain redshifted ingress absorption, we find that an up-orbit stream, transporting planetary mass in the direction of the star, also provides a plausible explanation for the pre-transit signal. This makes HAT-P-32 a benchmark system for exploring atmospheric dynamics via transmission spectroscopy.
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