Bibcode
DOI
Caligari, P.; Moreno-Insertis, F.; Schussler, M.
Referencia bibliográfica
Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X), vol. 441, no. 2, p. 886-902
Fecha de publicación:
3
1995
Revista
Número de citas
453
Número de citas referidas
367
Descripción
The process of emergence of magnetic flux from the depths of the
convection zone to the surface is presented in the framework of
self-consistent model for the storage of field in the lower overshoot
regions and as the mechanism responsible for some of the regularities
observed in active regions. We have performed numerical simulations of
the emergence of flux tubes in the solar convection zone including the
effects of spherical geometry and rotation. The magnetic flux tubes can
be stored in mechanical equilibrium in the overshoot region, which is
the natural equilibrium of the flux rings in a subadiabatic layer. An
undular instability leads to the formation of loops once a critical
magnetic field strength of the order of 105 G is exceeded. In
the nonlinear phase of their unstable evolution, the tubes move across
the convection zone on a very fast time-scale, typically about one
month. The geometry and dynamics of the flux tubes studied in these
simulations permit prediction of some of the observed properties of the
active regions. First, the wings of the tube show a marked asymmetry of
inclination and velocity, which is compatible with the observed
asymmetric proper motions of sunspots and with the position of the
neutral line in emerging active regions. Second, upon emergence the flux
tubes show a tilt angle with respect to the equator which fits
reasonably well with the observed values. Third, the flux tubes rise
roughly within a cone of radial directions in the Sun so that no
outbreak at high latitudes takes place. The calculations lend further
support to the possibility of superequipartition field strengths in the
overshoot region. The implications of the present results for the dynamo
mechanism are discussed and hints for observational work are also given.