Asteroids preserve key records of the Solar System’s history, providing insights into collisional and surface evolution as well as the origins of water and life on Earth. Among them, Near-Earth Asteroids (NEAs), with perihelion distances smaller than 1.3 au, represent a unique population that enables detailed investigations of the secular evolution of their orbits and spin states. They are also crucial targets for future spacecraft exploration, planetary defense, and potential space resource utilization. In this talk, I will introduce recent observational studies of NEAs conducted during close approaches to Earth within a few lunar distances, where otherwise impossible observations become feasible. These include simultaneous tricolor video photometry of sub-minute rotators, as well as archival-data studies of an asteroid that will soon approach Earth closely enough to become a spatially resolved target.