The determination of the redshift of extragalactic gamma-ray sources is of fundamental importance for the interpretation of their emission models and extragalactic population studies, active galactic nuclei classification schemes, and to study the interaction with the extragalactic background light. Here we focus on the BL Lac S2 0109+22, recently

We obtain stringent constraints on the actual efficiency of mass loss for red giant branch stars in the Galactic globular cluster 47 Tuc, by comparing synthetic modelling based on stellar evolution tracks with the observed distribution of stars along the horizontal branch in the colour-magnitude-diagram. We confirm that the observed, wedge-shaped

Context. To understand the role of the environment in galaxy formation, evolution, and present-day properties, it is essential to study the multifrequency behavior of different galaxy populations under various environmental conditions. Aims: We study the stellar mass functions of different galaxy populations in groups as a function of their large

A novel technique for measuring the mass of the top quark that uses only the kinematic properties of its charged decay products is presented. Top quark pair events with final states with one or two charged leptons and hadronic jets are selected from the data set of 8 TeV proton-proton collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb

We find that the mass ratio q in quiescent black hole (BH) X-ray transients is tightly correlated with the ratio of the double-peak separation (DP) to the full width half maximum (FWHM) of the H α emission line, {log}q=-6.88-23.2\quad {log}({DP}/{FWHM}). This correlation is explained through the efficient truncation of the outer disk radius by the

The interpretation of local helioseismic measurements of sunspots has long been a challenge, since waves propagating through sunspots are potentially affected by both mode conversion and changes in the thermal structure of the spots. We carry out numerical simulations of wave propagation through a variety of models which alternately isolate either