To better understand how galaxy clusters form, we look at their progenitors which have not yet virialized: protoclusters. We use the Planck Collaboration (2016) published list of 2,151 protocluster candidate sources to explore further characterization as bonafide protoclusters or other extragalactic phenomena. We investigate the correlation of

Supermassive black holes, with masses more than a million times that of the Sun, seem to inhabit the centres of all massive galaxies. Cosmologically motivated theories of galaxy formation require feedback from these supermassive black holes to regulate star formation. In the absence of such feedback, state-of-the-art numerical simulations fail to

The combination of asteroseismologically measured masses with abundances from detailed analyses of stellar atmospheres challenges our fundamental knowledge of stars and our ability to model them. Ancient red-giant stars in the Galactic thick disc are proving to be most troublesome in this regard. They are older than 5 Gyr, a lifetime corresponding

In contrast to the situation in a laboratory, the study of the solar atmosphere has to be pursued without direct access to the physical conditions of interest. Information is therefore incomplete and uncertain and inference methods need to be employed to diagnose the physical conditions and processes. One of such methods, solar atmospheric

The Fourier coefficients v2 and v3 characterizing the anisotropy of the azimuthal distribution of charged particles produced in PbPb collisions at √{sNN } = 5.02 TeV are measured with data collected by the CMS experiment. The measurements cover a broad transverse momentum range, 1 10 GeV / c range, where anisotropic azimuthal distributions should

The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) provides precise carbon and nitrogen abundances for over 100,000 red giant stars across the Milky Way Galaxy (MW). Recently, it has been shown that the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (often expressed as [C/N]) can be indicative of the mass of a red giant star, from which an age can be