Context. Accurate determination of the chemical abundances in stars plays a pivotal role in understanding stellar structure and evolution, nucleosynthesis, and the chemical enrichment history of the Milky Way. Benchmark stars with precise and accurate atmospheric parameters and abundances are indispensable for calibrating spectroscopic surveys and

We introduce a fast method to measure the conversion gain in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor active pixel sensors, which accounts for nonlinearity and interpixel capacitance (IPC). The standard "mean-variance" method is biased because it assumes that pixel values depend linearly on the signal, and existing methods to correct for

The Euclid mission and other next-generation large-scale structure surveys will enable high-precision measurements of the cosmic matter distribution. Understanding the impact of baryonic processes such as star formation and active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback on matter clustering is crucial to ensure precise and unbiased cosmological inference

Fast X-ray transients (FXTs) are short-lived extragalactic X-ray sources. Recent progress through multiwavelength follow-up of Einstein Probe-discovered FXTs has shown that several are related to collapsars, which can also produce $\gamma$-ray bursts (GRBs). In this paper, we investigate the nature of the FXT EP250207b. The Very Large Telescope

We present radial trends of metallicity ([Fe/H]) and abundance ratios ([X/Fe]) for several chemical elements─including C, N, Na, and the so-called α-elements (O, Mg, Si, Ca, and Ti)─in the bulge of M31, out to a projected galactocentric distance of ∼0.6 kpc. We estimated abundances using multiple approaches, including full-spectrum fitting, full

To explain the properties of the local galaxy population, theoretical models require active galactic nuclei (AGNs to inject energy into host galaxies, thereby expelling outflows of gas that would otherwise form stars. Observational tests of this scenario rely on determining outflow masses, which requires measuring the electron density ( $n_\mathrm{