Understanding the multidimensional structure of strongly irradiated exoplanets is essential for interpreting their atmospheric dynamics, chemistry, and energy transport, yet current analyses remain limited by the difficulty of extracting reliable phase-resolved spectra and by the lack of physically interpretable parameterizations for retrievals. We

In an era of highly complex machine learning methods that often are informative but not straightforward to interpret, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) offers a simple, easily interpretable approach. With no fitting parameters, it extracts the most salient statistical trends in data without the need for training sets. In this paper, we explore a

Context. Canes Venatici I (CVnI) is a distant Milky Way (MW) dwarf spheroidal (dSph) satellite. To date, there is no consensus on its evolution and the properties of its stellar population. Aims. This work is aimed at obtaining an accurate picture of the star formation history (SFH) and metallicity distribution of CVnI to reconstruct its evolution

Context. The standard interpretation of observed Stokes profiles to infer the physical conditions of the solar atmosphere is inherently an ill-defined problem due to observational noise and mathematical degeneracies. Traditional pixel-by-pixel (1D) inversion codes provide point estimates with unreliable uncertainties, at the expense of significant

We use weak gravitational lensing measurements from Year 3 Dark Energy Survey data to calibrate the masses of 443 galaxy clusters selected via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect from Atacama Cosmology Telescope Data Release 5 maps of the cosmic microwave background. We incorporate redshift and SZ measurements for individual clusters into a hierarchical

Current models predict that at distances beyond 80 kpc in the Milky Way halo, we can find the earliest escaped stars from the merging Sagittarius dwarf galaxy. However, observational data on the Sagittarius stream at these distances are limited. This study examines an overdensity of red giant branch (RGB) stars potentially linked to Sagittarius