Infrared-luminous galaxies are important sites of stellar and black hole mass assembly at most redshifts. Their luminosities are often estimated by fitting spectral energy distribution (SED) models to near- to far-infrared data, but the dependence of these estimates on the data used is not well understood. Here, using observations simulated from a

Context. The matter distribution in the Universe exhibits a rich variety of structures, and they form the so-called cosmic web. These structures arise from the anisotropic gravitational collapse of primordial density fluctuations and define the pathways along which galaxies flow from low-density regions (voids) to the highest-density environments

Context. Among known young stellar objects (YSOs), those exhibiting the most dramatic increases in brightness due to sudden increase in mass accretion rate are eruptive young stars. Gaia20dsk is one of the Gaia-alerted young star candidates that has displayed a double, nonperiodic brightening resembling that of other young eruptive stars. Aims. The

Earth-sized planets transiting M dwarf stars present one of the best opportunities with current facilities for studying the atmospheric and bulk compositions of terrestrial worlds. Here, we statistically validate five new transiting Earth and super-Earth sized planets orbiting M dwarf stars using a combination of light curves from the Transiting

Detection and characterization of small-scale energetic events such as nanoflares and nanojets remain challenging owing to their short lifetimes, small spatial extent, and relatively low energy release, despite their potential role in coronal heating. Recent observations have identified nanojets as small-scale (length ≲6.6 Mm, width ≲1 Mm), fast (∼

The stochastic nature of galaxy growth within the $\Lambda$CDM framework favors the formation of dynamically hot structures in the inner regions of galaxies, such as classical bulges. These structures may arise from early chaotic collapse or dynamical heating through galaxy-galaxy mergers. In this context, the existence of massive ($>10^{10}M_{