Bibcode
Lamontagne, Pierrot; Weisserman, Drew; Cadieux, Charles; Lafrenière, David; L'Heureux, Alexandrine; Plotnykov, Mykhaylo; Parc, Léna; Stefanov, Atanas K.; Moranta, Leslie; Doyon, René; Bouchy, François; Delisle, Jean-Baptiste; Nielsen, Louise D.; Lo Curto, Gaspare; Baron, Frédérique; Barros, Susana C. C.; Benneke, Björn; Bonfils, Xavier; Bryan, Marta; Canto Martins, Bruno L.; Cloutier, Ryan; Cowan, Nicolas B.; Brito de Freitas, Daniel; De Medeiros, Jose Renan; Delfosse, Xavier; Delgado-Mena, Elisa; Dumusque, Xavier; Ehrenreich, David; Figueira, Pedro; González Hernández, Jonay I.; de Castro Leão, Izan; Lovis, Christophe; Malo, Lison; Melo, Claudio; Mignon, Lucile; Mordasini, Christoph; Pepe, Francesco; Rebolo, Rafael; Rowe, Jason; Santos, Nuno C.; Ségransan, Damien; Suárez Mascareño, Alejandro; Udry, Stéphane; Valencia, Diana; Wade, Gregg; Abreu, Manuel; Aguiar, José Luan A.; Al Moulla, Khaled; Allain, Guillaume; Allart, Romain; Almenara, Jose Manuel; Arial, Tomy; Auger, Hugues; Bazinet, Luc; Blind, Nicolas; Bohlender, David; Artigau, Étienne; Boisse, Isabelle; Boucher, Anne; Bourrier, Vincent; Bovay, Sébastien; Branco, Pedro; Broeg, Christopher; Brousseau, Denis; Cabral, Alexandre; Carmona, Andres; Carteret, Yann; Challita, Zalpha; Charbonneau, David; Chazelas, Bruno; Clark, Catherine A.; Coelho, João; Cointepas, Marion; Collins, Karen A.; Collins, Kevin I.; Conod, Uriel; Cristo, Eduardo; Silva, Ana Rita Costa; Darveau-Bernier, Antoine; Dauplaise, Laurie; de Lima Gomes, Roseane; Faria, João; Fontinele, Dasaev O.; Forveille, Thierry; Frensch, Yolanda G. C.; Gagné, Jonathan; Genest, Frédéric; Genolet, Ludovic; Gomes da Silva, João; Gracia Témich, Félix; Gromek, Nicole; Grieves, Nolan; Hernandez, Olivier; Hobson, Melissa J.; Hoeijmakers, H. Jens; Hubin, Norbert; Cook, Neil J.; Jafariyazani, Marziye; Jahandar, Farbod; Jayawardhana, Ray et al.
Bibliographical reference
Astronomy and Astrophysics
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2
2026
Journal
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0
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0
Description
We present an updated characterization of the planetary system orbiting the nearby M2 dwarf GJ 3090 (TOI-177; d=22 pc), based on new high-precision radial velocity (RV) observations from NIRPS and HARPS. With an orbital period of 2.85 d, the transiting sub-Neptune GJ 3090 b has a mass we refine to 4.52 ± 0.47 M⊕, which, combined with our derived radius of 2.18 ± 0.06 R⊕, yields a density of 2.40−0.30+0.33 g∉cm−3. The combined interior structure and atmospheric constraints indicate that GJ 3090 b is a compelling water-world candidate, with a volatile-rich envelope in which water likely represents a significant fraction. We also confirm the presence of a second planet, GJ 3090 c, a sub-Neptune with a 15.9 d orbit and a minimum mass of 10.0 ± 1.3 M⊕, which does not transit. Despite its proximity to the star's 18 d rotation period, our joint analysis using a multidimensional Gaussian process (GP) model that incorporates TESS photometry and differential stellar temperature measurements distinguishes this planetary signal from activity-induced variability. In addition, we place new constraints on a non-transiting planet candidate with a period of 12.7 d, suggested in earlier RV analyses. This candidate remains a compelling target for future monitoring. These results highlight the crucial role of multidimensional GP modelling in disentangling planetary signals from stellar activity, enabling the detection of a planet near the stellar rotation period that could have remained undetected with traditional approaches.