Ultra-short Period Binaries from the Catalina Surveys

Drake, A. J.; Djorgovski, S. G.; García-Álvarez, D.; Graham, M. J.; Catelan, M.; Mahabal, A. A.; Donalek, C.; Prieto, J. L.; Torrealba, G.; Abraham, S.; Williams, R.; Larson, S.; Christensen, E.
Bibliographical reference

The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 790, Issue 2, article id. 157, 13 pp. (2014).

Advertised on:
8
2014
Number of authors
13
IAC number of authors
1
Citations
53
Refereed citations
50
Description
We investigate the properties of 367 ultra-short period binary candidates selected from 31,000 sources recently identified from Catalina Surveys data. Based on light curve morphology, along with WISE, Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and GALEX multi-color photometry, we identify two distinct groups of binaries with periods below the 0.22 day contact binary minimum. In contrast to most recent work, we spectroscopically confirm the existence of M dwarf+M dwarf contact binary systems. By measuring the radial velocity variations for five of the shortest-period systems, we find examples of rare cool white dwarf (WD)+M dwarf binaries. Only a few such systems are currently known. Unlike warmer WD systems, their UV flux and optical colors and spectra are dominated by the M-dwarf companion. We contrast our discoveries with previous photometrically selected ultra-short period contact binary candidates and highlight the ongoing need for confirmation using spectra and associated radial velocity measurements. Overall, our analysis increases the number of ultra-short period contact binary candidates by more than an order of magnitude.
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