Bibcode
Martinez-Valpuesta, Inma; Gerhard, Ortwin
Bibliographical reference
The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Volume 766, Issue 1, article id. L3, 5 pp. (2013).
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3
2013
Citations
68
Refereed citations
56
Description
Observations show a clear vertical metallicity gradient in the Galactic
bulge, which is often taken as a signature of dissipative processes in
the formation of a classical bulge. Various evidence shows, however,
that the Milky Way is a barred galaxy with a boxy bulge representing the
inner three-dimensional part of the bar. Here we show with a secular
evolution N-body model that a boxy bulge formed through bar and buckling
instabilities can show vertical metallicity gradients similar to the
observed gradient if the initial axisymmetric disk had a comparable
radial metallicity gradient. In this framework, the range of
metallicities in bulge fields constrains the chemical structure of the
Galactic disk at early times before bar formation. Our secular evolution
model was previously shown to reproduce inner Galaxy star counts and we
show here that it also has cylindrical rotation. We use it to predict a
full mean metallicity map across the Galactic bulge from a simple
metallicity model for the initial disk. This map shows a general outward
gradient on the sky as well as longitudinal perspective asymmetries. We
also briefly comment on interpreting metallicity gradient observations
in external boxy bulges.