Start year
1988
Organizational Unit
Organizing institutions
Grants related:
General
Description
The study of binary stars is essential to stellar astrophysics. A large number of stars form and evolve within binary systems. Therefore, their study is fundamental to understand stellar and galactic evolution. Particularly relevant is that binary systems are still the best source of precise stellar mass and radius measurements.
Research lines:
- Determination of absolute parameters of Algol-type eclipsing binaries. In 2006 we started a new project to derive accurate masses and radii of low-mass eclipsing binaries of spectral type M. These will be confronted with theoretical predictions for the lower main sequence.
- Study of the structure and evolution of cataclysmic variables (CVs). Among the main goals we highlight a fundamental test of the current evolution theory, which will observationally prove or discard several of its predictions. In doing so, population studies on both the observed minimum orbital period region (~ 80 min) and the upper boundary of the period gap (in the 3-4.5 hour orbital period range) are being performed. On the other hand, our research has demonstrated the existence of a huge pile-up of intrinsically very luminous CVs (with the highest mass transfer rates known), with orbital periods just above 3 hours, in apparent contradiction to theoretical expectations. The masses of these systems are being determined using ToO time in 8-m class telescopes as VLT and Gemini, and the 10.4-m GTC when a system falls into a low brightness state characterised by the quenching of the mass transfer from the donor star to the white dwarf.
- Study of central binary stars of planetary nebulae. One plausible effect leading to bipolar shapes in planetary nebulae is the presence of a progenitor binary star in their centres, containing at least one white dwarf. This project is aimed at finding a significant "bipolarity-binarity" correlation within bipolar planetary nebulae. Further, the history of the mass ejection episodes will give clues to the common-envelope stage, still poorly understood.
- In mid-2017 we started another research line in the field of white dwarfs: the study of post-planetary remnants around these stars, which can greatly benefit from our studies of accretion discs in cataclysmic variables.
Members
Principal investigator
Pablo
Rodríguez Gil
Project staff
Manuel Ángel
Pérez Torres
Tariq
Shahbaz
Dr.
Vikram Dhillon
Ignacio
González Martínez-Pais
Montserrat
Armas Padilla
Teodoro
Muñoz Darias
Jorge
Casares Velázquez
María Jesús
Arevalo Morales
Carlos
Lázaro Hernando
Collaborators
Dr.
B. T. Gänsicke
Dr.
T. R. Marsh
Dr.
R. Iglesias Marzoa
Dr.
M. López Morales
Dr.
P. Abraham
Dr.
D. Steeghs
Dr.
E. Breedt
Dr.
L. Schmidtobreick
Dr.
J. M. Corral Santana
Dr.
S. B. Potter
Dr.
W. Skidmore
Dr.
P. Hakala
Prof.
P. G. Jonker
Dr.
K. S. Long
Dr.
G. Sala
Dr.
Nancy Elías de la Rosa
Dr.
M. Hernanz
Results
- Many white dwarf stars show signs of having accreted smaller bodies, implying that they may host planetary systems. A small number of these systems contain gaseous debris discs, visible through emission lines. We found a stable 123.4-minute periodic variation in the strength and shape of the Ca II emission line profiles originating from the debris disc around the white dwarf SDSS J122859.93+104032.9. We interpret this short-period signal as the signature of a solid-body planetesimal held together by its internal strength. Results published in Science.
- Discovery of a giant bubble-like shell around M31N 2008–12a, the recurrent nova with the shortest eruption recurrence period (one year). Results published in Nature.
- A fast GTC/OSIRIS spectrophotometric study of the white dwarf WD 1145+017 has been published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society that reports confirmation of the evolution of the periodic transits that occur every 4.5 hours. The deepest transit detected to date has been modelled with six equally spaced fragments of the disrupting planetesimal.
- In 2018 an International Time Programme for follow-up of gravitational wave events was awarded (PI Jonker, SRON, The Netherlands). Several members of the projects are co-Is. Rodríguez-Gil will serve as chair on the Executive Committee.
Scientific activity
Related publications
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Hunting for eclipses: high-speed observations of cataclysmic variablesWe present new time-resolved photometry of 74 cataclysmic variables (CVs), 47 of which are eclipsing. Thirteen of these eclipsing systems are newly discovered. For all 47 eclipsing systems, we show high cadence (1-20 s) light curves obtained with the high-speed cameras ULTRACAM and ULTRASPEC. We provide new or refined ephemerides, and supply midHardy, L. K. et al.
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32017 -
Using Gaussian processes to model light curves in the presence of flickering: the eclipsing cataclysmic variable ASASSN-14agThe majority of cataclysmic variable (CV) stars contain a stochastic noise component in their light curves, commonly referred to as flickering. This can significantly affect the morphology of CV eclipses and increases the difficulty in obtaining accurate system parameters with reliable errors through eclipse modelling. Here we introduce a newMcAllister, M. J. et al.
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12017 -
The WEBT campaign on the BL Lac object PG 1553+113 in 2013. An analysis of the enigmatic synchrotron emissionA multifrequency campaign on the BL Lac object PG 1553+113 was organized by the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) in 2013 April-August, involving 19 optical, two near-IR, and three radio telescopes. The aim was to study the source behaviour at low energies during and around the high-energy observations by the Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray ImagingRaiteri, C. M. et al.
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112015 -
The binary millisecond pulsar PSR J1023+0038 during its accretion state - I. Optical variabilityWe present time-resolved optical photometry of the binary millisecond `redback' pulsar PSR J1023+0038 (=AY Sex) during its low-mass X-ray binary phase. The light curves taken between 2014 January and April show an underlying sinusoidal modulation due to the irradiated secondary star and accretion disc. We also observe superimposed rapid flaring onShahbaz, T. et al.
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112015 -
The post-common envelope central stars of the planetary nebulae Henize 2-155 and Henize 2-161We present a study of Hen 2-155 and Hen 2-161, two planetary nebulae which bear striking morphological similarities to other planetary nebulae known to host close-binary central stars. Both central stars are revealed to be photometric variables while spectroscopic observations confirm that Hen 2-155 is host to a double-eclipsing, post-commonJones, D. et al.
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82015 -
A remarkable recurrent nova in M31: Discovery and optical/UV observations of the predicted 2014 eruptionThe Andromeda Galaxy recurrent nova M31N 2008-12a had been caught in eruption eight times. The inter-eruption period of M31N 2008-12a is ~1 yr, making it the most rapidly recurring system known, and a strong single-degenerate Type Ia supernova progenitor candidate. Following the 2013 eruption, a campaign was initiated to detect the predicted 2014Darnley, M. J. et al.
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82015 -
Dynamical masses of a nova-like variable on the edge of the period gapWe present the first dynamical determination of the binary parameters of an eclipsing SW Sextantis star in the 3-4 h orbital period range during a low state. We obtained time-resolved optical spectroscopy and photometry of HS 0220+0603 during its 2004-2005 low-brightness state, as revealed in the combined Small & Moderate Aperture ResearchRodríguez-Gil, P. et al.
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92015 -
The <monospace>rvfit</monospace> Code: A Detailed Adaptive Simulated Annealing Code for Fitting Binaries and Exoplanets Radial VelocitiesThe fitting of radial velocity curves is a frequent procedure in binary star and exoplanet research. In the majority of cases, the fitting routines need to be fed with a set of initial parameter values and priors from which to begin the computations and their results can be affected by local minima. We present a new code, the rvfit code, forIglesias-Marzoa, R. et al.
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62015 -
Multiwavelength behaviour of the blazar OJ 248 from radio to γ-raysWe present an analysis of the multiwavelength behaviour of the blazar OJ 248 at z = 0.939 in the period 2006-2013. We use low-energy data (optical, near-infrared, and radio) obtained by 21 observatories participating in the Gamma-Ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST)-AGILE Support Program of the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope, as well as data fromCarnerero, M. I. et al.
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72015 -
Binarity and the Abundance Discrepancy Problem in Planetary NebulaeThe discrepancy between abundances computed using optical recombination lines and collisionally excited lines is a major unresolved problem in nebular astrophysics. Here, we show that the largest abundance discrepancies are reached in planetary nebulae with close binary central stars. We illustrate this using deep spectroscopy of three nebulae withCorradi, R. L. M. et al.
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42015 -
The double-degenerate, super-Chandrasekhar nucleus of the planetary nebula Henize 2-428The planetary nebula stage is the ultimate fate of stars with masses one to eight times that of the Sun (). The origin of their complex morphologies is poorly understood, although several mechanisms involving binary interaction have been proposed. In close binary systems, the orbital separation is short enough for the primary star to overfill itsSantander-García, M. et al.
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32015 -
Defocused transmission spectroscopy: a potential detection of sodium in the atmosphere of WASP-12bWe report on a pilot study of a novel observing technique, defocused transmission spectroscopy, and its application to the study of exoplanet atmospheres using ground-based platforms. Similar to defocused photometry, defocused transmission spectroscopy has an added advantage over normal spectroscopy in that it reduces systematic errors due to flatBurton, J. R. et al.
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12015 -
The Large Observatory for x-ray timingThe Large Observatory For x-ray Timing (LOFT) was studied within ESA M3 Cosmic Vision framework and participated in the final downselection for a launch slot in 2022-2024. Thanks to the unprecedented combination of effective area and spectral resolution of its main instrument, LOFT will study the behaviour of matter under extreme conditions, suchFeroci, M. et al.
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72014 -
The second data release of the INT Photometric Hα Survey of the Northern Galactic Plane (IPHAS DR2)The INT/WFC Photometric Hα Survey of the Northern Galactic Plane (IPHAS) is a 1800 deg2 imaging survey covering Galactic latitudes |b| 5° and longitudes ℓ = 30°-215° in the r, i, and Hα filters using the Wide Field Camera (WFC) on the 2.5-m Isaac Newton Telescope (INT) in La Palma. We present the first quality-controlled and globally calibratedBarentsen, G. et al.
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112014 -
A 3D extinction map of the northern Galactic plane based on IPHAS photometryWe present a 3D map of extinction in the northern Galactic plane derived using photometry from the INT/WFC Photometric Hα Survey of the northern Galactic plane. The map has fine angular ( ˜ 10 arcmin) and distance (100 pc) sampling allied to a significant depth (≳5 kpc). We construct the map using a method based on a hierarchical Bayesian modelSale, S. E. et al.
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102014 -
1000 cataclysmic variables from the Catalina Real-time Transient SurveyOver six years of operation, the Catalina Real-time Transient Survey (CRTS) has identified 1043 cataclysmic variable (CV) candidates - the largest sample of CVs from a single survey to date. Here, we provide spectroscopic identification of 85 systems fainter than g ≥ 19, including three AM Canum Venaticorum binaries, one helium-enriched CV, oneBreedt, E. et al.
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102014 -
Infrared properties of blazars: putting the GASP-WEBT sources into contextThe infrared properties of blazars can be studied from the statistical point of view with the help of sky surveys, like that provided by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer and the Two Micron All Sky Survey. However, these sources are known for their strong and unpredictable variability, which can be monitored for a handful of objects only. InRaiteri, C. M. et al.
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72014 -
The planetary nebula IPHASXJ211420.0+434136 (Ou5): insights into common-envelope dynamical and chemical evolutionWhile analysing the images of the IPHAS (INT/WFC Photometric Hα Survey of the northern Galactic plane) survey, we noticed that the central star of the candidate planetary nebula IPHASXJ211420.0+434136 (also named Ou5) was clearly variable. This is generally considered as an indication of binarity. To confirm it, we performed a photometricCorradi, R. L. M. et al.
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72014 -
SALT reveals the barium central star of the planetary nebula Hen 2-39Classical barium stars are binary systems which consist of a late-type giant enriched in carbon and slow neutron capture (s-process) elements and an evolved white dwarf (WD) that is invisible at optical wavelengths. The youngest observed barium stars are surrounded by planetary nebulae (PNe), ejected soon after the wind accretion of pollutedRodríguez-Gil, P. et al.
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122013 -
The awakening of BL Lacertae: observations by Fermi, Swift and the GASP-WEBTSince the launch of the Fermi satellite, BL Lacertae has been moderately active at γ-rays and optical frequencies until 2011 May, when the source started a series of strong flares. The exceptional optical sampling achieved by the GLAST-AGILE Support Program of the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope in collaboration with the Steward Observatory allows usRaiteri, C. M. et al.
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122013
